[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":71},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-house-105-1-civil-law-016":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"subjectMcqNote":8,"question":9,"related":25,"sameNumber":50,"hasEssay":24},"民法概要","civil-law","民法概要 · Civil Law","民法","105–106 年 40 題(每題 1.25 分)、107 年起 25 題(每題 2 分)",{"id":10,"webId":11,"year":12,"session":13,"subject":4,"number":14,"stem":15,"options":16,"answer":21,"answerNote":22,"lawYear":12,"explanation":23,"freq":13,"indexable":24},"house-105-1-民法概要-016","house-105-1-civil-law-016",105,1,16,"有關民法第 250 條規定之違約金類型有「損害賠償總額預定違約金」與「懲罰性違約金」兩種，下列敘述何者正確？",{"A":17,"B":18,"C":19,"D":20},"「損害賠償總額預定違約金」，倘若債務人有債務不履行發生，惟債權人所受實際損害遠低於約定之額度時，債權人即不得請求此一違約金金額","「懲罰性違約金」，只要債務人有債務不履行發生時，即便債權人未因此而受損害，債權人仍得請求此一違約金金額","「損害賠償總額預定違約金」，債務人有債務不履行發生，導致債權人受損害時，債權人除此一違約金外，亦得請求其他損害賠償金額","「懲罰性違約金」，債務人有債務不履行發生，導致債權人受損害時，債權人除此一違約金外，不得請求其他損害賠償金額","B",null,"本題考點：《民法》第 250 條所生的兩種違約金——賠償額預定性違約金與懲罰性違約金，兩者在請求要件與併存效果上的差別。\n【正解理由】依《民法》第 250 條第一項，當事人得約定債務人於債務不履行時，應支付違約金；同條第二項規定，違約金，除當事人另有訂定外，視為因不履行而生損害之賠償總額。可見「賠償總額」只是預設，當事人另行約定為懲罰性者，該筆金額的作用在於對債務不履行本身施以制裁，只要違約的事實發生即應支付，不以債權人確實受有損害為要件，故選 B。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 賠償額預定性違約金的作用正是免除債權人舉證實際損害，縱實際損害低於約定額仍得請求，至多由法院依《民法》第 252 條就過高部分減至相當之數額，並非不得請求。\n(B) 懲罰性違約金以違約事實為給付條件，債權人未受損害仍得請求，屬《民法》第 250 條第一項所稱當事人得為的約定，本項正確。\n(C) 既然依《民法》第 250 條第二項視為因不履行而生損害之賠償總額，該金額即已涵蓋全部損害，債權人不得於違約金之外再請求其他損害賠償。\n(D) 懲罰性違約金與債務不履行的損害賠償請求併存，債權人於違約金外仍得就實際損害另行請求，本項把兩者寫成互斥並不正確。\n【記憶點】沒特別約定就是「賠償總額」，一筆到底；寫明懲罰性，才是罰歸罰、賠歸賠。",true,[26,30,34,38,42,46],{"webId":27,"stem":28,"number":29,"year":12,"session":13},"house-105-1-civil-law-015","依侵權行為請求損害賠償之說明，下列敘述何者正確？",15,{"webId":31,"stem":32,"number":33,"year":12,"session":13},"house-105-1-civil-law-017","若買賣標的物為特定物時，買受人不得請求下列那一種物的瑕疵擔保之法定效果？",17,{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":12,"session":13},"house-105-1-civil-law-014","甲欲向乙租屋 3 年，雙方僅用通訊軟體 Line 互相協商，乙已於對話中允諾，但後來丙出更高租金，於是乙改將該屋出租給丙並交付之，後來丙得乙之同意將該屋再出租給丁，某日丁因大意未關爐火將該屋燒毀，下列敘述何者正確？",14,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":12,"session":13},"house-105-1-civil-law-018","甲將透天厝（不含基地）立約賣給乙後，尚未交付予乙前，即逢超級強烈颱風來襲，致透天厝完全倒塌。下列敘述何者正確？",18,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":12,"session":13},"house-105-1-civil-law-013","有關不當得利所應返還之客體，下列何者錯誤？",13,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":12,"session":13},"house-105-1-civil-law-019","有關贈與契約之敘述，下列何者正確？",19,[51,55,59,63,67],{"webId":52,"year":53,"stem":54,"number":14},"house-114-1-civil-law-016",114,"甲、乙兩人共有 A 地，應有部分甲為 1\u002F3、乙為 2\u002F3。下列何者錯誤？",{"webId":56,"year":57,"stem":58,"number":14},"house-113-1-civil-law-016",113,"甲以自有土地設定抵押權予乙，以擔保其債權，該債權之請求權於 113 年 3 月 1 日因時效而消滅。下列敘述，何者正確？",{"webId":60,"year":61,"stem":62,"number":14},"house-112-1-civil-law-016",112,"甲委託乙代為尋覓對象結婚，並承諾事成後給予乙報酬新臺幣 10 萬元。關於婚姻居間契約，下列何者正確？",{"webId":64,"year":65,"stem":66,"number":14},"house-111-1-civil-law-016",111,"關於限定繼承之敘述，下列何者正確？",{"webId":68,"year":69,"stem":70,"number":14},"house-110-1-civil-law-016",110,"關於果實自落於鄰地，而鄰地非為公用地者，下列何者正確？",1786689128399]